Technology - Shamba Network

System Architecture

How the Oracle Network Works

Three provider types, three aggregation pipelines, one master contract. Here's how climate data goes from satellite to smart contract.

Data Sources

Satellite: NASA · ESA · NOAA · JAXA | Field: Shamba Mobile App | Expert: Domain Specialists

↓

Node Operators
Cloud SDK

Ground Truthers
Mobile App

Data Validators
Expert Review

All require staking · Support delegated staking · Randomly selected per request

↓

Node Aggregation

Ground Truth Aggr.

Validation Aggr.

Separate pipelines per provider type → Master Aggregation Contract

↓

Master Aggregation

Staking & Delegation

Credibility Scoring

Governance

Final verification · Reward providers + delegators · Slash bad actors · Provider rankings

↓

Parametric Insurance

Carbon Credits

Prediction Markets

Green Bonds

Oracle Node SDK

Open-Source Data Pipeline

An optimized Docker container deployed to the cloud. Everything needed to operate a Shamba node — deploy within minutes on any supported cloud platform. On-demand execution keeps costs low.

NDVI Computation

Calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for any area of interest using MODIS and Sentinel data, with descriptive statistics (mean, max, min, median, variance).

Rainfall Monitoring

Near real-time rainfall analysis enhanced by AI models. Feeds parametric insurance contracts that trigger automatic payouts when thresholds are crossed.

Soil Carbon Estimation

Estimate soil organic carbon from satellite imagery to enable smallholder farmers to create and sell carbon credits through automated dMRV pipelines.

Fire Detection

Detect and monitor wildfires using thermal satellite imagery. Developers integrate via the ShambaFireConsumer smart contract for on-chain fire alerts.

Land Use Classification

Classify land cover types to verify sustainable farming practices, track deforestation, and validate environmental impact claims for ecocredit programs.

Node Operations & CLI

Automated response to data requests, cryptographic signing of results, staking management, health monitoring, and a CLI for operators. Runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Data Sources

30+ Satellite Databases

Every node accesses the same public satellite APIs — deterministic, reproducible, and independently verifiable by any participant.

NASA

MODIS and Landsat satellites providing vegetation indices, land surface temperature, and multispectral imagery with global coverage.

ESA

Copernicus Sentinel constellation for high-resolution land monitoring, vegetation health tracking, and environmental change detection across Europe and Africa.

NOAA

Atmospheric and weather data feeds providing rainfall measurements, temperature records, and climate monitoring critical for parametric insurance triggers.

JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Earth observation data providing complementary coverage for vegetation, precipitation, and land surface analysis.

Multi-Layer Consensus

Consensus & Aggregation

No single provider controls the outcome. Separate aggregation pipelines for each data type converge in a master contract. Manipulation becomes economically irrational.

1

Random Selection

The protocol randomly selects n node operators, m ground truthers, and k data validators from pools of staked providers. No one knows in advance if they will be chosen.

2

Independent Data Collection

Node operators fetch satellite data. Ground truthers collect field measurements via the Shamba mobile app. Data validators review edge cases. Each works independently.

3

Multi-Layer Aggregation

Three aggregation services (node, ground truth, validation) process submissions independently. A master aggregation contract combines all layers into the final verified result.

4

Rewards & Slashing

Accurate providers and their delegators earn token rewards. Providers who submit bad data are slashed — along with their delegators. Credibility scores track long-term performance.

Why Climate Data Is Uniquely Suited to This Model

Public & Deterministic

Every node accesses the same NASA/ESA/NOAA/JAXA APIs. There is no proprietary data to hide behind — the source data is completely transparent.

Reproducible Computation

Given the same inputs and the same open-source pipeline, every honest node produces the same output. Discrepancies signal either bugs or attacks.

Well-Defined Tolerance

Small floating-point variations are normal and expected. Large deviations are clearly identifiable, making the consensus threshold straightforward to calibrate.

Multi-Layer Ground Truth

Satellite observations are cross-validated by ground truthers collecting field data and domain experts providing human review — three independent verification layers.

Multi-Chain

Supported Blockchains

Shamba delivers verified climate data across six major EVM-compatible networks, meeting developers where they already build.

Arbitrum

Live

Avalanche

Live

Ethereum

Live

Optimism

Live

Polygon

Live

XRPL EVM Sidechain

Live

Developer Integration

Start Building in Minutes

Import the ShambaGeoConsumer contract from the npm smart-contract-kit and request verified climate data on-chain.

            // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.17;

import "@shamba/smart-contract-kit/ShambaGeoConsumer.sol";

contract ClimateInsurance is ShambaGeoConsumer {

    uint256 public latestNDVI;
    uint256 public payoutThreshold;

    constructor(
        uint256 _threshold
    ) {
        payoutThreshold = _threshold;
    }

    function requestNDVI(
        string memory areaOfInterest,
        string memory startDate,
        string memory endDate
    ) public {
        requestGeoData(
            areaOfInterest,
            startDate,
            endDate,
            "ndvi",
            "mean"
        );
    }

    function fulfill(
        bytes32 requestId,
        uint256 result
    ) internal override {
        latestNDVI = result;
        if (result < payoutThreshold) {
            _triggerPayout();
        }
    }
}
          

Quick Start

              
                # Install the smart contract kit

                npm install @shamba/smart-contract-kit

Import ShambaGeoConsumer for vegetation, rainfall, and soil data or ShambaFireConsumer for fire detection feeds.

Request Parameters

areaOfInterest — GeoJSON polygon or coordinates
startDate / endDate — Time range (ISO 8601)
dataType — ndvi, rainfall, soil_carbon, fire, land_cover
statistic — mean, max, min, median, variance

Specifications

Technical Specifications

Specification	Details
Oracle Type	Decentralized climate data oracle (DePIN model)
Node Software	Open-source Docker container (GNU GPL / MIT / BSD licensed)
Deployment	Cloud-deployed Docker container, optimized for on-demand execution
Data Provider Types	Node operators (satellite), ground truthers (field/mobile), data validators (expert review)
Satellite Data Sources	30+ databases from NASA, ESA, NOAA, JAXA
Data Products	NDVI, rainfall, soil organic carbon, fire detection, land use classification
Statistics Supported	Mean, max, min, median, variance
Supported Chains	Arbitrum, Avalanche, Ethereum, Optimism, Polygon, XRPL EVM Sidechain
Smart Contracts	Solidity (ShambaGeoConsumer, ShambaFireConsumer)
Developer Kit	npm `@shamba/smart-contract-kit`
Decentralized Storage	Filecoin / IPFS for immutable MRV metadata
Consensus Model	Multi-layer aggregation: node, ground truth, and validation services → master aggregation contract
Security Model	Staking + delegated staking + slashing + multi-factor credibility scoring
Governance	Progressive decentralization — token-holder voting on data sources, parameters, upgrades
Target Network Size	10–30 nodes (testnet), 100+ (post-mainnet)

Join the Network

Deploy a cloud node, collect field data, or apply your domain expertise. Three ways to provide data and earn rewards.

Join the Waitlist

Build on Shamba

Integrate verified climate data into your smart contracts. Parametric insurance, carbon credits, prediction markets, and more.

Read the Docs